ArticlePrimary-text studyGraduate

The Refuser: How the Quranic Iblis Performs the Office of Angra Mainyu

The Cosmic Adversary Who Chose Evil, in Two Religions Separated by Three Thousand Years eFireTemple "And [mention] when We said to the angels, 'Prostrate to Adam,' and they prostrated, except Iblīs. He refused ( abá ) and was arrogant ( istakbara ) and became of the disbelievers." — Quran 2:34 "Now the two primal Spirits, who reveal themselves as twins, are the Better and the Bad in thought and word and action.

Academic abstract

What this resource contributes

The Cosmic Adversary Who Chose Evil, in Two Religions Separated by Three Thousand Years eFireTemple "And [mention] when We said to the angels, 'Prostrate to Adam,' and they prostrated, except Iblīs. He refused ( abá ) and was arrogant ( istakbara ) and became of the disbelievers." — Quran 2:34 "Now the two primal Spirits, who reveal themselves as twins, are the Better and the Bad in thought and word and action.

Study map

Topics and source signals

Primary sources detected

Yasna · Avesta · Vendidad · Quran · Bundahishn

Knowledge graph

Continue the research